El perímetro de cuello y su relación con los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en las mujeres / Neck´s perimeter and its relation with the cardiometabolic risk factors in women

RESUMEN Introducción: El perímetro de cuello en la actualidad es una medida útil asociada de manera significativa a la resistencia a la insulina y al riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el perímetro de cuello y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres de 45 a 60 años de edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio en 270 mujeres aparentemente sanas, de 45 a 60 años de edad. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas como peso corporal, índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura, perímetro de cuello y el tejido adiposo visceral por bioimpedancia. Se determinaron niveles séricos de glucosa, perfil lipídico (colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol), HbA1c, insulina y proteína C reactiva. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal de las participantes fue de 28,2 ± 4,2. Se encontró que 38,1 por ciento de las mujeres presentaban síndrome metabólico y mayor perímetro de cuello, en comparación con las participantes sin síndrome (36,8 + 2,1 vs 35,1 + 1,6 cm, respectivamente, p< 0,0001). El perímetro de cuello se asoció positivamente con índice de masa corporal (r= 0,690, p= 0,0001), tejido adiposo visceral (r= 0,548, p= 0,0001), circunferencia de Cintura (r= 0,640, p< 0,0001), glucosa (r= 0,251, p= 0,0001), triglicéridos (r= 0,143, p= 0,019), HbA1c (r= 0,160, p= 0,010) y proteína C reactiva (r= 0,342, p= 0,001). Conclusiones: Las mujeres con incremento en el perímetro de cuello presentan un perfil de riesgo cardiometabólico aumentado. La medición del perímetro de cuello representa un método útil y práctico en la predicción del riesgo cardiometabólico(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Neck´s perimeter is nowadays a useful measure significantly associated to insulin resistance and to cardiometabolic risk. Objective: To determine the relation between the neck´s perimeter and the cardiometabolic risk factors in women from 45 to 60 years old. Methods: A study was performed in 270 apparently healthy women, aging 45 to 60 years old. Anthropometric measurements were taken such as weight, body mass index, waist circumference, neck´s perimeter and visceral adipose tissue by bioelectrical impedance analysis. There were identified serum levels of glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol), HbA1c, insulin and C-reactive protein. Results: The body mass index of the participants was 28.2 ± 4.2. It was found that 38.1 percent of the women had a metabolic syndrome and a higher perimeter of neck, in comparison with participants without the syndrome (36.8 + 2.1 vs 35.1 + 1.6 cm, respectively, p< 0.0001). The neck´s perimeter was positively associated with body mass index (r = 0.690, p= 0.0001), visceral adipose tissue (r = 0.548, p= 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.640, p< 0.0001), glucose (r = 0.251, p= 0.0001), triglycerides (r = 0.143, p = 0.019), HbA1c (r = 0.160, p = 0.010) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.342, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Women with an increase in the neck´s perimeter have a profile of increased cardiometabolic risk. The measurement of neck´s perimeter represents a useful and practical method for the prediction of cardiometabolic risk(AU)

Oxidative stress, telomere length, and frailty in an old age population

Abstract Background A global aging population requires focusing on the risk factors for unhealthy aging, preventive medicine, and chronic disease management. The identification of adverse health outcomes in older adults has been addressed by the characterization of frailty as a biological syndrome. In this field, oxidative stress and telomere length have been suggested as biomarkers of aging Objective The objective of the study was to study the association of oxidative stress, telomere length, and frailty in an old age population Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 2015 data from 202 members of a cohort of older adults (n = 202; F/M gender ratio: 133/69; mean age: 69.89 ± 7.39 years). Reactive oxygen species were measured by dichlorofluorescein diacetate and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde. Telomere length was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction with SYBR Green Master Mix Results Statistical analysis showed an association between telomere length and frailty but no association between oxidative stress and telomere length or frailty Conclusions Telomere length could eventually be used as a marker to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy aging as expressed by frailty phenotype; oxidative stress seemed merely a biological process of aging.

Vitamin B12 and folate depletion in cognition: a review.

In cross-sectional studies, low levels of folate and B12 have been shown to be associated with cognitive decline and dementia Evidence for the putative role of folate, vitamin B12 in neurocognitive and other neurological functions comes from reported cases of severe vitamin deficiencies, particularly pernicious anemia, and homozygous defects in genes that encode for enzymes of one-carbon metabolism. The neurological alterations seen in these cases allow for a biological role of vitamins in neurophysiology. Results are quite controversial and there is an open debate in literature, considering that the potential and differential role of folate and B12 vitamin in memory acquisition and cognitive development is not completely understood or accepted. What is not clear is the fact that vitamin B12 and folate deficiency deteriorate a pre-existing not overt pathological situation or can be dangerous even in normal subjects. Even more intriguing is the interaction between B12 and folate, and their role in developing hyperhomocysteinemia. The approach to the rehabilitation of the deficiency with adequate vitamin supplementation is very confusing. Some authors suggest it, even in chronic situations, others deny any possible role. Starting from these quite confusing perspectives, the aim of this review is to report and categorize the data obtained from the literature. Despite the plausible biochemical mechanism, further studies, based on clinical, neuropsychological, laboratory and (lastly) pathological features will be necessary to better understand this fascinating biochemical riddle.